Which strategies reduce the risk of instrument separation, and how should a separation be managed if it occurs?

• A. Use excessive force and torque; if separation occurs, ignore
• B. Avoid using patency files
• C. Use proper torque control, avoid over-rotating; maintain patency; if separated, attempt retrieval or bypass; if retrieval fails and prognosis compromised, plan extraction or surgical removal
• D. Always replace tooth

Answer: (C)