Name two commonly used obturation techniques and a key advantage of each.

• A. Single cone — fastest technique.
• B. Lateral condensation — simplicity and good apical seal; Warm vertical compaction — better adaptation in irregular canals.
• C. Thermoplastic gutta-percha injection — infinite adaptability.
• D. Cold condensation — superior sealer compatibility.

Answer: (B)

Filling a root canal aims to create a dense, durable seal with gutta-percha and sealer to prevent reinfection and microleakage. Two commonly used obturation methods are lateral condensation and warm vertical compaction. Lateral condensation is valued for its simplicity and reliability: after placing a master cone to the working length, spreaders are used to compact additional cones laterally, producing a straightforward, controllable fill with a solid apical seal. Warm vertical compaction, on the other hand, uses heat to soften gutta-percha so it flows and adapts more intimately to the canal walls and irregularities, improving adaptation in curved or anatomically complex canals and reducing voids. These two techniques address a broad range of canal anatomies and are widely taught and practiced, which is why they are commonly emphasized as paired options.